CBN YESTERDAY, TODAY AND THE Future. By Clem Aguiyi


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The Central Bank of Nigeria is not just a bank. It is the heart of the Nigerian economy. When it beats well, the nation thrives. When it falters, the whole body feels it.

To understand where we are going, we must honestly look at where we have been.

*YESTERDAY: The Years of Distortion*

For many years, the CBN was a bank of many voices and many windows.

We had multiple exchange rates – one for the rich, one for the poor, one on paper and one in reality. The official rate was a fiction. The parallel market was the truth. And in between, a small cabal made billions without producing a single bag of rice, a single shoe, or a single job.

We had Ways and Means – a polite term for printing money to fund government deficits. Trillions were printed without corresponding productivity. The result was predictable: inflation, naira collapse, and loss of confidence.

We had intervention programmes that were noble in intention but chaotic in execution. Anchor Borrowers, forex subsidies, and special windows. Billions were disbursed, but accountability was weak. Many beneficiaries saw it as national cake, not as a loan to be repaid.

We had a naira redesign policy that was implemented without preparation, without cash, without empathy. Nigerians queued at banks, slept at ATMs, and watched their businesses collapse for want of their own money. It was a policy that punished the poor to catch the rich, and in the end caught no one.

Yesterday, the CBN was powerful but not credible. It was active but not transparent. It was interventionist but not independent. The world stopped believing our numbers. Investors stopped trusting our policies. And the naira, once a symbol of pride, became a symbol of instability.

That is the yesterday we must never return to.

*TODAY: The Return To Orthodoxy*

Today, under the leadership of Governor Olayemi Cardoso and the reform vision of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, the CBN is undergoing a quiet but profound restoration.

The first act of courage was unification of the exchange rate. It was painful. It was unpopular. But it was necessary. A nation cannot have two prices for the same dollar and expect to be taken seriously. Unification killed round-tripping. It killed arbitrage. It restored one truth to the market.

The second act was the stoppage of Ways and Means abuse. The CBN has drawn a line: No more printing money to fund deficits. This is painful for government, but healthy for the economy. It forces fiscal discipline. It forces government to earn, to tax efficiently, to borrow responsibly, and to spend wisely.

The third act was the clearing of the $7 billion FX backlog. For years, airlines, manufacturers, importers and investors were owed dollars they had legitimately earned. The CBN verified and cleared those obligations. That single act restored confidence. Foreign airlines are returning. Foreign investors are looking again. Nigeria is keeping its word.

The fourth act was the recapitalisation of banks. Our banks are now being strengthened to be bigger, stronger, and more resilient – able to fund large infrastructure, able to withstand shocks, able to compete in Africa and beyond. A weak banking system cannot fund a strong economy.

The fifth act was the return to transparency. Regular Monetary Policy Committee communiques, honest inflation figures, clear communication on interest rates, and a firm commitment to price stability. The CBN is no longer playing politics with monetary policy. It is doing the hard, unglamorous work of a central bank: fighting inflation, protecting reserves, and defending the value of the naira.

Today is painful. Inflation is still high. Interest rates are still high. The cost of borrowing is heavy for small businesses. No honest person will deny this.

But today is also honest. For the first time in a long time, the pain has a purpose. We are not printing our way to fake prosperity. We are reforming our way to real prosperity.

*THE FUTURE: A Bank We Can Trust*

The future of the CBN must be built on three pillars: Independence, Transparency, and Technology.

*1. Independence:* The CBN must remain the CBN, not an extension of the Ministry of Finance. Its governor must be free to say no to the President when the economy demands it. Its monetary policy must be based on data, not on politics.

*2. Transparency:* Every intervention must be published. Every loan must be accounted for. Every reserve figure must be verifiable. A central bank that hides its books cannot demand trust from the market.

*3. Technology:* The future is digital. The eNaira, improved payment systems, instant settlement, and a cashless economy that works for the market woman in Onitsha as well as the banker in Lagos. The CBN must lead Nigeria into a future where money moves in seconds, not days, and where every Nigerian can be financially included.

If we stay this course, the future will bring single-digit inflation, stable exchange rate, lower interest rates, massive foreign direct investment, and a naira that Nigerians can once again hold with pride.

The future is a CBN that does less, but does it better. Less intervention, more regulation. Less politics, more professionalism. Less printing, more productivity.

*A BRIGHTER AND PROMISING 2027*

As we look to 2027, there is reason for hope.

The reforms of today are the harvest of tomorrow. The pain of unification is giving way to stability. The pain of high interest rates is giving way to falling inflation. The pain of fiscal discipline is giving way to investor confidence.

By 2027, Nigeria will enter a new season. A season where the naira is stable, where reserves are robust, where banks are strong, where inflation is moderated, and where the ordinary Nigerian can plan, save, and build without fear that his money will lose value overnight.

2027 will not be a year of miracles. It will be a year of results. The results of courage. The results of discipline. The results of a Central Bank that chose truth over convenience.

Yesterday, we had a CBN of distortion. Today, we have a CBN of reform. Tomorrow, we will have a CBN of trust.

And a nation whose central bank is trusted is a nation whose future is bright.

*2027 will be brighter. 2027 will be promising. And the CBN will be at the centre of that promise.*

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